Efes

Tür: Ören Yeri, Antik Kent
Tema: Arkeolojik Kazılar, UNESCO Dünya Mirası, Yedi Kilise
Kültür: Antik Yunan, Bizans, Helenistik, İyon, Roma
Bölge: Türkiye, Ege Bölgesi, İzmir, Selçuk

Ephesus
History
Ἔφεσος (Éphesos) Efes
The Library of Celsus in Ephesus
Shown within Turkey Show map of Turkey Ephesus (Asia) Show map of Asia
Location	Selçuk, İzmir Province, Turkey, West Asia
Region	Ionia
Coordinates	37°56′28″N 27°20′31″E / 37.94111°N 27.34194°E / 37.94111; 27.34194
Type	Ancient Greek settlement
Part of	West Asia
Area	Wall circuit: 415 ha (1,030 acres) Occupied: 224 ha (550 acres)
Builder	Attic and Ionian Greeks
Founded	10th century BC
Abandoned	15th century
Periods	Greek Dark Ages to Late Middle Ages
Site notes
Excavation dates	1863–1869, 1895
Archaeologists	John Turtle Wood, Otto Benndorf
Website	www.muze.gov.tr/en/museums/ephesus-archaeological-site
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Criteria	Cultural: iii, iv, vi
Reference	1018
Inscription	2015 (39th Session)
Area	662.62 ha
Buffer zone	1,246.3 ha

Ephesus (/ˈɛfɪsəs/;^[1]^[2] Greek: Ἔφεσος, translit. Éphesos; Turkish: Efes; may ultimately derive from Hittite: 𒀀𒉺𒊭, romanized: Apaša) was a city in Ancient Greece^[3]^[4] on the coast of Ionia, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of Apasa, the former Arzawan capital,^[5]^[6] by Attic and Ionian Greeks. During the Classical Greek era, it was one of twelve cities that were members of the Ionian League. The city came under the control of the Roman Republic in 129 BC.

The city was famous in its day for the nearby Temple of Artemis (completed around 550 BC), which has been designated one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.^[7] Its many monumental buildings included the Library of Celsus and a theatre capable of holding 24,000 spectators.^[8]

Ephesus was a recipient city of one of the Pauline epistles and one of the seven churches of Asia addressed in the Book of Revelation.^[9] The Gospel of John may have been written there,^[10] and it was the site of several 5th-century Christian Councils (Council of Ephesus). The city was destroyed by the Goths in 263. Although it was afterwards rebuilt, its importance as a commercial centre declined as the harbour was slowly silted up by the Küçükmenderes River. In 614, it was partially destroyed by an earthquake.

Today, the ruins of Ephesus are a favourite international and local tourist attraction, being accessible from Adnan Menderes Airport and from the resort town Kuşadası. In 2015, the ruins were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

^ "Ephesus Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com".
^ Cite error: The named reference Olausson2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Gagarin2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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^ Cite error: The named reference BritishMuseum was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference SteadmanMcMahon2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "accessed September 14, 2007". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
^ Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert (1995). "Ephesus". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-884964-02-2.
^ 2:1–7
^ Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible, Palo Alto, Mayfield, 1985.