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This article is about the ancient city in Phrygia. For other uses, see Hierapolis (disambiguation).
Hierapolis
Ἱεράπολις
Hierapolis is located in Turkey
Hierapolis
Shown within Turkey
Alternative nameHierapolis-Pamukkale
LocationPamukkale, Denizli Province, Turkey
RegionPhrygia
Coordinates37°55′30″N 29°07′33″E / 37.92500°N 29.12583°E / 37.92500; 29.12583
TypeSettlement
History
Foundedearly 2nd century BC
Abandoned14th century (final occasion)
PeriodsRoman Republican to High Medieval
Site notes
Excavation dates1887, 1957–2008
ArchaeologistsCarl Humann, Paolo Verzone
Official nameHierapolis-Pamukkale
TypeMixed
Criteriaiii, iv, vii
Designated1988 (12th session)
Reference no.485
UNESCO RegionEurope and North America

Hierapolis (/ˌhaɪəˈræpəlɪs/; Ancient Greek: Ἱεράπολις, lit. "Holy City") was originally a Phrygian cult centre of the Anatolian mother goddess of Cybele[1] and later a Greek city. Its location was centred upon the remarkable and copious hot springs in classical Phrygia in southwestern Anatolia.[2] Its extensive remains are adjacent to modern Pamukkale in Turkey.

The hot springs have been used as a spa since at least the 2nd century BCE, with many patrons retiring or dying there as evidenced by the large necropolis filled with tombs, most famously that of Marcus Aurelius Ammianos, which bears a relief depicting the earliest known example of a crank and rod mechanism, and the Tomb of Philip the Apostle.

It was added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. The Italian Archaeological Mission of Hierapolis of Frigia (MAIER) has operated at the site since 1957 [3] and is currently directed by Grazia Semeraro, Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Salento.

  1. ^ D’Andria, Francesco (2019). "The Cult of Cybele in Hierapolis of Phrygia". In Tsetskhladze, Gocha R. (ed.). Phrygia in Antiquity: From the Bronze Age to the Byzantine Period. Peeters. p. 494. JSTOR j.ctv1q26v1n.
  2. ^ F. F. Bruce (23 October 1984). The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4674-2318-2. OCLC 1175669152.
  3. ^ cfr. https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/sedi/missione-archeologica-italiana-a-hierapolis-di-frigia/

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