Ergiri
Gjirokastra olarak da bilinir.
- Tür: Kent
- Tema: UNESCO Dünya Mirası
- Kültür: Arnavut, Bizans, Osmanlı
- Yüzyıl: 14. yy
- Bölge: Arnavutluk, Ergiri
Gjirokastër
Ergjëri Αργυρόκαστρο Ljurocastru | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top: view over Gjirokastër; Ethnographic Museum; St. Sotir Church; panorama of Gjirokastër; Old Bazaar; and clock tower of Gjirokastër Fortress | |
 Emblem | |
| Nickname: City of Stone | |
.svg)  Gjirokastër | |
| Coordinates: 40°04′N 20°08′E / 40.067°N 20.133°E | |
| Country |  Albania |
| County | Gjirokastër |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Flamur Golëmi (PS) |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 469.55 km2 (181.29 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Municipality | 28,673 |
| • Municipality density | 61/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| • Municipal unit | 19,836 |
| Demonym | Gjirokastrit (m) Gjirokastrite (f) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal Code | 6001–6003 |
| Area Code | 084 |
| Website | bashkiagjirokaster |
| Official name | The Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | iii, iv |
| Designated | 2005 |
| Reference no. | 569 |
| Region | Gjirokastër County |
| Europe | 2005–present |
Gjirokastër (Albanian: [ɟiɾoˈkast:əɾ, -ra], Albanian definite form: Gjirokastra) is a city in southern Albania and the seat of Gjirokastër County and Gjirokastër Municipality. It is located in a valley between the Gjerë mountains and the Drino, at 300 metres above sea level. Its old town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, described as "a rare example of a well-preserved Ottoman town, built by farmers of large estate". The city is overlooked by Gjirokastër Fortress, where the Gjirokastër National Folklore Festival is held every five years. It is the birthplace of former Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha, and author Ismail Kadare.
The city appears in the historical record dating back in 1336 by its medieval Greek name, Αργυρόκαστρο, Argyrókastro,[1] as part of the Byzantine Empire.[2] It first developed in the hill where the Gjirokastër Fortress is located. In this period, Gjirokastër was contested between the Despotate of Epirus and the Albanian clan of Zenebishi under Gjon Zenebishi who made it his capital in 1417. It was taken by the Ottomans in 1418, a year after's Gjon's death and it became the seat of the Sanjak of Albania. Throughout the Ottoman era, Gjirokastër was officially known in Ottoman Turkish as Ergiri and also Ergiri Kasrı.[3] During the Ottoman period conversions to Islam and an influx of Muslim converts from the surrounding countryside made Gjirokastër go from being an overwhelmingly Christian city in the 16th century into one with a large Muslim population by the early 19th century.[4][5] Gjirokastër also became a major religious centre for Bektashi Sufism.[6]
Taken by the Hellenic Army during the Balkan Wars of 1912–13 Gjirokaster was eventually incorporated into the newly independent state of Albania in 1913. This proved highly unpopular with the local Greek population, who rebelled; after several months of guerrilla warfare, the short-lived Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus was established in 1914 with Gjirokastër as its capital. It was definitively awarded to Albania in 1921.[7] In more recent years, the city witnessed anti-government protests that led to the 1997 Albanian civil unrest.[8]
Along with Muslim and Orthodox Albanians, the city is also home to a substantial Greek minority[9][10] along with a considerable Aromanian community. Together with Sarandë, the city is considered one of the centers of the Greek minority in Albania,[11] and there is a consulate of Greece.[12]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kielwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ward 1983, p. 70.
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Çaksuwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Giakoumiswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kokolakiswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Norriswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Miller, William (1966). The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors, 1801–1927. Routledge. pp. 543–544. ISBN 978-0-7146-1974-3.
- ^ Jeffries, Ian (2002). Eastern Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century: a guide to the economies in transition. Routledge. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-415-23671-3.
- ^ Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). "Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας [The Greek Community of Albania in terms of historical geography and demography Βερέμης, Θάνος (1995). Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας. I. Siderēs. p. 25. ISBN 9789600800548. Archived from the original on 2015-03-21. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)." In Nikolakopoulos, Ilias, Kouloubis Theodoros A. & Thanos M. Veremis (eds). Ο Ελληνισμός της Αλβανίας [The Greeks of Albania]. University of Athens. p. 34. "Στα πλαίσια της επιτόπιας έρευνας που πραγματοποιήσαμε στην Αλβανία (Νοέμβριος-Δεκέμβριος 1992), μελετήσαμε το ζήτημα των εθνοπολιτισμικών ομάδων, όπως αυτές συνειδητοποιούνται σήμερα επί τόπου. [As part of the fieldwork we held in Albania (November–December 1992), we studied the issue of ethnocultural groups, as they are realized today on the spot.]"; p. 42. "Στο Νομό του Αργυροκάστρου: Έλληνες 40%, Βλάχοι 12%, Αλβανοί Χριστιανοί 21%, Αλβανοί Μουσουλμάνοι 28%, επί συνόλου 66.000 κατοίκων, 63% Χριστιανοί, 49% Αλβανοί." p. 43. "4) Ακόμη και εκεί που η ύπαιθρος είναι ελληνική ή ελληνίζουσα, οι πόλεις διαθέτουν αλβανική πλειοψηφία. Αυτό φαίνεται καθαρά στις περιπτώσεις Αργυροκάστρου και Δελβίνου, όπου οι Νομαρχίες πέρασαν στα χέρια της μειονότητας, όχι όμως και οι Δήμοι των αντιστοίχων πόλεων." "[4) Even where the countryside is Greek or Greekish, cities have an Albanian majority. This is clear where the prefectures of Gjirokastër and Delvinë were passed into the hands of the minority, but not the municipalities of the respective cities.]"; p. 51. "Ε Έλληνες, ΑΧ Αλβανοί Ορθόδοξοι Χριστιανοί, AM Αλβανοί Μουσουλμάνοι, Μ Μικτός πληθυσμός...." p.55. "GJIROKASTRA ΑΡΓΥΡΟΚΑΣΤΡΟ 24216 Μ (ΑΜ + ΑΧ + Ε)."; p.57. - ^ Albania: from anarchy to a Balkan identity, Miranda Vickers, James Pettifer Edition, 2. illustrated reprint, Publisher C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1997 ISBN 1-85065-290-2, ISBN 978-1-85065-290-8 p. 187
- ^ James Pettifer. "The Greek Minority in Albania in the Aftermath of Communism" (PDF). Camberley, Surrey: Conflict Studies Research Centre, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. pp. 11–12. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
The concentration of ethnic Greeks in and around centres of Hellenism such as Saranda and Gjirokastra...
- ^ The Unit 1996.
