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Shusha fortress / Shushi fortress
Şuşa qalası
Շուշիի բերդ
قلعه شوش
Front of the Shusha gate with Ganja Gate sign, located in the north of the fortress walls (May 2021)
Map
General information
TypeFortification
LocationShusha, Azerbaijan
Coordinates39°45′58″N 46°45′04″E / 39.76611°N 46.75111°E / 39.76611; 46.75111
Completedc. 1751
OwnerKarabakh Khanate
LandlordPanah Ali Khan

The Shusha fortress (Azerbaijani: Şuşa qalası, Persian: قلعه شوش) or Shushi fortress (Armenian: Շուշիի բերդ) is a fortress surrounding the historical centre of Shusha, also called Shushi. The newly conquered castle town was called "Panahabad fortress" named after Panah Ali Khan who together with Melik Shahnazar[1] was the founder of the fort. In later years, the city was just called "Fortress". A settlement at Shusha is first recorded in a 15th-century illustrated Armenian gospel kept on display at Yerevan's Matenadaran (archival number 8211), which mentions the "Shushu village". The gospel was written by the scribe and artist Ter-Manuel in 1428, and is the earliest known artifact from the town.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

The area where the Shusha fortress was built is a mountainous plateau in the form of amphitheater from the west with numerous hills and rifts. The highest area of plateau is 1600 m and the lowest area is 1300 m above sea level. At present, the territory of Shusha city consists of plateau with a hill located lengthwise in its center. The architecture of Shusha fortress represents basic principles of architecture of feudal period in terms of both the choice of location, structural planning and the artistic appearance of the fort.

Shusha fortress had three main gates: Ganja Gate, Iravan Gate and Aghoghlan Gate. The names of all these gates are often mentioned in historical sources, as well as in all the drawn plans of 19th-century Shusha.

  1. ^ "Principality of Varanda - Nagorno Karabakh Republic". Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  2. ^ Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890–1907). Shusha. St Petersburg. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013. Shusha was founded in 1752 by Panakh-Ali-bek and got its name from the village of Shushikent, located not far away and existing to this day.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Boris Baratov. A Journey to Karabakh. Moscow, 1998, pp. 32–33.
  4. ^ Hravard Hakobian. Miniatures of Artsakh and Utik 13th–14th centuries. Yerevan, 1989, p. 25.
  5. ^ Bishop Makar Barkhudariants, Patmutiun Aghvanits ashkhari [History of the country of Aghvank], vol. 1, Vagharshapat, 1902, p. 384.
  6. ^ Ulubabyan B. A., "The Principality of Lower Khachen, 14th-15th centuries." Archived 2013-11-04 at the Wayback Machine, Patma-Banasirakan Handes 11 (1972): pp. 95–108, here p. 105.
  7. ^ Khachikyan L. S., (1955), Memorial records in Armenian manuscripts of 15 c., Part I (1401–1450) Archived 2014-12-13 at the Wayback Machine, Publish. of Academy of Sciences of ArmSSR, p. 384. (in Armenian)
  8. ^ Barkhudariants, Bishop Makar (1895). "The City of Shushi (Շուշի քաղաք)". Artsakh (PDF) (in Armenian). Baku: Aror publishing house. p. 137. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2020.

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