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Yılankale
Adana Province, Turkey
Yılankale
Yılankale is located in Turkey
Yılankale
Yılankale
Location of Yılankale within Turkey
Coordinates37°00′52″N 35°44′52″E / 37.014444°N 35.747778°E / 37.014444; 35.747778
Site information
Open to
the public		Yes[1]
ConditionRuins
Site history
Built13th century
Built byLeo (Levon) I[2][3] of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Yılankale (lit. 'snake castle' in Turkish)[4][5][6] is a late 12th[7]–13th century[4] Armenian[3][8][9] castle in Adana Province of Turkey. It is known in Armenian as Levonkla[10] (Լևոնկլա[2] "Levon's fortress") after its possible founder—King Leo (Levon) I the Magnificent[2][3] (r. 1198/9–1219) of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Medieval Armenian names attached to the site are Kovara and Vaner.[11]

A hill castle, Yılankale is located on a rocky hill overlooking the east bank of the Ceyhan River,[6] and the Bronze and Iron Age site of Sirkeli Höyük, six kilometers west of the town of Ceyhan.[12] The building is locally known as the home of Shahmaran, a mythical creature half woman and half snake.[13][14]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rough was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Sarkissian was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Edwards82 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Phillips, Jonathan (1995). "The Latin East, 1098–1291". In Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-19-820435-0. YILAN KALE (Castle of the Snakes). A huge thirteenth-century fortress standing high above the Pyramus river and overlooking the plain of Adana. The castle was a key stronghold for the Armenian rulers who controlled this region, and the remaining structure probably dates from the first half of the thirteenth century.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Yale was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference kultur was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Pillement, Georges (1974). Unknown Turkey: Anatolia, Cappadocia, the eastern frontiers. Barbara Whelpton (translator). Johnson Publishing. p. 179. ...a medieval fortress, YILAN KALESI, probably built in the reign of Leon II, king of Little Armenia, towards the end of the 12th century near the right bank of the Ceyhan.
  8. ^ Boase, T. S. R. (1978). The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-7073-0145-7.
  9. ^ Permanent Delegation of Turkey to UNESCO (15 April 2014). "Ancient City of Korykos". whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Individual Armenian Castles found in the area of Adana, "Yilan Kale" and "Toprakkale, are the most outstanding ones.
  10. ^ Adalian, Rouben Paul (2010). Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8108-7450-3. ...Levonkla or Yilankale...
  11. ^ Edwards, Robert W., "Settlements and Toponymy in Armenian Cilicia", Revue des Études Arméniennes 24, 1993, pp.219, 228-29.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Youngs was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Murray, J. (1837). "A General Statement of the Labours and Proceedings of the Expedition to Euphrates, Under the Command of Colonel Chesney". The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 7: 420 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ "Snake Castle restored to welcome visitors". DailySabah. 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
✶ Medya
Yılankale • Max Freiherr von Oppenheim • 1899 • Kaynak