“19. The castle of Palaiokastron, overlooking the Pyxites, from the south at Chapes (Hamisköy). The castle marks the boundary between the banda of Matzouka and Palaiomatzouka (Upper Matzouka).” – In this text, Palaiokastron Castle is mentioned. The castle is located in a position overlooking Pyxites (probably a river or valley) from the south and is located near Hamisköy (Chapes). It is also stated that it marks the border between the Matzouka (Maçka) and Palaiomatzouka (Yukarı Maçka) regions. 1

  1. Murat Dursun Tosun, Castles in Trabzon Province (Istanbul: Depo Print Digital Printing and Advertising Industry and Trade Ltd. Co., October 2019), PDF, accessed April 26, 2026. https://alucradantarihebakis.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pdf-c4b0sbnli-trabzon-vilayetinde-kaleler.pdf. ↩︎